Steel Grade Standards: Cross-Reference Table

Different steel grades and designation standards exist, varying by country, company tradition, and engineering practice. The complexity of steel grade equivalence arises from each country having its own standardization system, leading to different names for steels with similar compositions and properties.

To ease communication, we provide a table showing steel grades across nine popular national standards, illustrating their equivalences. Explanations of how each standard designates steel grades are provided in the last part with examples.

Cross-Reference Table of Steel Grading Systems

Steel grades are categorized into four main types based on their chemical composition and properties: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, and Tool Steel. While these categories cover common steel types, they are too general for specific uses. Thousands of sub-types exist, each needing unique classification and naming.

The table below provides a cross reference for nine steel grade standards:

EN steel number (Europe)	EN steel name (Europe)	ASTM grade (USA)	AISI/SAE grade (USA)	UNS (USA)	DIN (Germany)	BS (UK)	UNI (Italy)	JIS (Japan)
Carbon Steels
1.1141 1.0401 1.0453	C15D C18D		1010 1018		CK15 C15 C16.8	040A15 080M15 080A15 EN3B	C15 C16 1C15	S12C S15 S15CK S15C
1.0503 1.1191 1.1193 1.1194	C45		1045		C45 CK45 CF45 CQ45	060A47 080A46 080M46	C45 1C45 C46 C43	S45C S48C
1.0726 1.0727	35S20 45S20		1140/1146		35S20 45S20	212M40 En8M
1.0715 1.0736	11SMn37		1215		9SMn28 9SMn36	230M07 En1A	CF9SMn28 CF9SMn36	SUM 25 SUM 22
1.0718 1.0737	11SMnPb30 11SMnPb37		12L14		9SMnPb28 9SMnPb36	230M07 Leaded En1B Leaded	CF9SMnPb29 CF9SMnPb36	SUM 22 SUM 23 SUM 24
1.1555	C120U				C125W	BW1C	C120KU	SK2
Alloy Steels
1.7218			4130		25CrMo4 GS-25CrMo4	708A30 CDS110	25CrMo4 (KB) 30CrMo4	SCM 420 SCM 430 SCCrM1
1.7223 1.7225 1.7227 1.3563	42CrMo4		4140/4142		41CrMo4 42CrMo4 42CrMoS4 43CrMo4	708M40 708A42 709M40 En19 En19C	41CrMo4 38CrMo4 (KB) G40 CrMo4 42CrMo4	SCM 440 SCM 440H SNB 7 SCM 4M SCM 4
1.6582 1.6562	34CrNiMo6		4340		34CrNiMo6 40NiCrMo8-4	817M40 En24	35NiCrMo6 (KB) 40NiCrMo7 (KB)	SNCM 447 SNB24-1-5
1.6543 1.6523	20NiCrMo2-2		8620		21NiCrMo22 21NiCrMo2	805A20 805M20	20NiCrMo2	SNCM 200 (H)
1.5415	16Mo3	A240 A/B/C		K12822 K12320 K12020 K11820	15Mo3	1503-243B 240 243	15Mo3 16Mo3	STBA12
Tool Steels
1.2363	X100CrMoV5		A-2	T30102	X100CrMoV51	BA 2	X100CrMoV5-1 KU	SKD 12
			A-3	T30103
			A-4	T30104
			A-6	T30106
			A-7	T30107
			A-8	T30108
			A-9	T30109
1.2365	X32CrMoV3-3 32CrMoV12-28		H10	T20810	X32CrMoV3-3 32CrMoV12-28			SKD 7
1.2379	X153CrMoV12		D-2		X153CrMoV12-1	BD 2	X155CrVMo12-1	SKD 11
1.2510			O-1		100MnCrW4	Bo 1	95MnWCr-5 KU
Stainless Steels
1.4310	X10CrNi18-8		301	S30100
1.4318	X2CrNiN18-7		301LN
1.4305	X8CrNiS18-9		303	S30300	X10CrNiS18-9	303S 31 En58M	X10CrNiS18-09	SUS 303
1.4301	X2CrNi19-11 X2CrNi18-10		304	S30400	X5CrNi18-9 X5CrNi18-10 XCrNi19-9	304S 15 304S 16 304S 18 304S 25 En58E	X5CrNi18-10	SUS 304 SUS 304-CSP
1.4306	X2CrNi19-11		304L	S30403		304S 11		SUS304L
1.4311	X2CrNiN18-10		304LN	S30453
1.4948	X6CrNi18-11		304H	S30409
1.4303	X5CrNi18-12		305	S30500
1.4401 1.4436	X5CrNiMo17-12-2 X5CrNiMo18-14-3		316	S31600	X5CrNiMo17 12 2 X5CrNiMo17 13 3 X5CrNiMo 19 11 X5CrNiMo 18 11	316S 29 316S 31 316S 33 En58J	X5CrNiMo17 12 X5CrNiMo17 13 X8CrNiMo17 13	SUS 316 SUS316TP
1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2		316L	S31603		316S 11		SUS316L
1.4406 1.4429	X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 X2CrNiMoN17-13-3		316LN	S31653
1.4571			316Ti	S31635	X6CrNiMoTi17-12	320S 33
1.4438	X2CrNiMo18-15-4		317L	S31703
1.4541			321	S32100	X6CrNiTi18-10	321S 31		SUS321
1.4848	GX40CrNiSi25-20	A351 HK40		J94204	SEW 595 GX40CrNiSi25-20	310C40		SCH22
1.4859	GX10NiCrSiNb32-20			N08151	GX10NiCrSiNb32-20
1.4878	X12CrNiTi18-9 X8CrNiTi18-10		321H	S32109
1.4906	X7CrNiNb18-10		347H	S34709
1.4512	X6CrTi12		409	S40900				SUH409
			410	S41000
1.4016			430	S43000	X6Cr17	430S 17		SUS430
			440A	S44002
1.4112			440B	S44003
1.4125			440C	S44004	X105CrMo17			SUS440C
1.4104			430F	S44020	X14CrMoS17			SUS430F
1.4057	X17CrNi16-2		431 X	S43100	X16CrNi16	431S 29		SUS431
1.5423	16Mo5	A335 P1	4520 4419H 4419	K11522	16Mo5			STPA12
1.7715	14MoV6-3	A335 P2		K11547	14MoV6-3	660		STPA20
1.7335 1.7338	13CrMo4-5 10CrMo5-5	A335 P11		K11597				STPA23
1.7375 1.7380 1.7383	10CrMo9-10 11CrMo9-10 12CrMo9-10	A335 P22		K21590	17175 10CrMo910			STPA24
1.7362 1.7366	X11CrMo5 X12CrMo5 12CrMo19-5	A335 P5	501 502	K41545 S50100 S50200				STPA25
1.7386	X11CrMo9-1 X12CrMo9-1	A335 P9	503	S50400 S50488 K90941				STPA26
1.4903	X10CrMoVNbN9-1	A335 P91		K91560	X10CrMoVNbN9-1
1.4905 1.4906	X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1 X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1	A335 P92		K92460	X11CrMoWVNb9-1-1 X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1
1.4539	X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5		904L	N08904
1.4547	X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7			S31254
1.4565			NIT50	S20910
			NIT60	S21800

Nine Steel Grades Numbering Systems Explained

Steel grades convey information like chemical composition, properties, fabrication processes, and forms. Grading is crucial for fabricators, engineers, and consumers, providing a standard way to communicate steel properties.

Below are common international standards and their steel grade numbering systems, along with explanations and examples for each.

UNS (USA)

The Unified Numbering System (UNS) identifies metals and alloys, including steels, with a unique alphanumeric code. The UNS designation includes a letter prefix and a five-digit number, but doesn’t directly indicate chemical composition or steel properties.

Prefix for Steels:

– ‘S’ for stainless steel.

– ‘G’ for carbon and alloy steels.

– ‘T’ for tool steels.

The five-digit number is unique to each steel composition and doesn’t inherently convey the steel’s properties.

Examples:

– S30400: A common stainless steel, known as 304 stainless steel.

– G10200: Represents a carbon steel similar to AISI/SAE 1020 steel.

EN (Europe)

The EN (European Norm) standard uses numbers and letters for precise identification of steel types and properties. The prefix usually includes “EN” and digits for the specific standard. Additional letters and numbers indicate the steel’s main properties and processing details.

Examples:

– S235JR: A structural steel with a minimum yield strength of 235 MPa.

– EN 1.4301: A type of stainless steel, commonly known as 304.

– C45E: A carbon steel with 0.45% carbon, suitable for engineering purposes.

DIN (Germany)

DIN standards by the German Institute for Standardization classify steels with alphanumeric codes indicating type, chemical composition, properties, and uses. The first part usually denotes the steel type, while subsequent sections detail its composition and properties.

Examples:

– St37-2: A structural steel with a yield strength of 370 N/mm².

– X5CrNi18-10: A high-alloy stainless steel with approximately 0.05% carbon, 18% chromium, and 10% nickel.

AISI/SAE (USA)

AISI/SAE standards classify steels using a four-digit system. The first two digits indicate primary alloying elements, and the last two represent carbon concentration.

Examples:

– 1020 Steel: A low-carbon steel with 0.20% carbon.

– 4140 Steel: An alloy steel with chromium, molybdenum, and 0.40% carbon.

For more details on AISI/SAE steel grades, you can refer to this blog: AISI/SAE Steel Grades System Explained

ASTM (USA)

ASTM standards categorize steels with a letter (usually ‘A’ for ferrous metals) followed by a number representing a specific steel type.

Examples:

– ASTM A36: A common structural steel.

– ASTM A516 Grade 70: A carbon steel plate for pressure vessels.

BS (Great Britain)

British Standards (BS) use a combination of letters and numbers to classify steels. Prefixes like ‘BS EN’ indicate harmonization with European Norms.

Examples:

– BS EN 10025 S355: A structural steel with a yield strength of 355 MPa.

– BS 970 080M40: A medium carbon steel with about 0.8% carbon content.

UNI (Italy)

UNI standards classify steels with prefixes and numbers indicating type and properties.

Examples:

– UNI Fe360: A structural steel with 360 MPa yield strength.

– UNI C40: A carbon steel with approximately 0.40% carbon.

JIS (Japan)

Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) classify steels with a combination of letters and numbers indicating type and properties.

Examples:

– JIS SS400: A structural steel with 400 MPa tensile strength.

– JIS SUS304: A stainless steel grade with good corrosion resistance.

– JIS SCM435: A chromium molybdenum steel with specific properties.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding steel grade standards is vital for industry professionals who deal with design, engineering, and manufacturing, ensuring precise communication and selection of materials for specific applications. The cross-reference table provided here serves as access to nine common international steel standards to enable the use of the correct steel grades for specific projects, resulting in enhanced performance and reliability of their products and services​​.

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